Nasal mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) with necrotizing granulomatous inflammation inducing cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma in a male Yemeni patient

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection transmitted by sandfly vector; there are three main types of leishmaniasis: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous (MCL), and visceral (VL). Herein, we present case endonasal in 34-year-old Yemeni patient who presented with disfiguring nasal swelling associated fever, swab from the lesion direct microscopic examination proved to have leishmaniasis; he was successfully treated intravenous antimonial stibogluconate, 1 month after treatment biopsy revealed cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma, purpose alert physicians otolaryngologists consider differential diagnosis granulomas also highlight importance early cancer survivors leishmaniasis, especially areas where still highly prevalent, as chronic local inflammation may disfigure face if not recognized adequately treated; also, can prevent mortality